Kigali’s forest cover faces steady decline amid urbanization

Kigali City, once known for its lush forests, now faces a significant decline in its forest cover due to rapid urban development. According to a recent map, forests cover 17% of Kigali’s total area. However, between 2009 and 2019, forest cover decreased by 23%, while afforestation efforts increased by 26%. This results in a net annual forest growth of just 0.3%, highlighting the pressing need for sustainable reforestation initiatives.

Long-term residents recall a time when Kigali was dominated by expansive forests. Musengamana Silas, a 48-year resident of Kigali, noted, “Kimisagara, Gikondo, and Muhima were once covered in diverse trees. Now, construction and roads have taken over, leading to soil erosion and environmental degradation. Planting more trees would restore the soil and provide cleaner air.”

Similarly, historical accounts reveal that Nyarugenge District was named after the Imigenge trees, which are now largely absent. In Gasabo District, Kimihurura was named for its Imihurura trees, and Muhima Sector once hosted forests where wolves lived. These trees and habitats have vanished over the years due to urbanization.

Seventy-year-old Mukanoheli Jeanne, born and raised in Kigali, reminisced about the dense forests that once characterized Gikondo, where even palm trees flourished. “Today, only a few planted trees remain along roadsides. Every household should plant trees to create shade and ensure fresh air,” she urged.

Forestry expert Mukurarinda Athanase emphasized the dire consequences of deforestation, which include increased soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and worsening air pollution.

“Climate change is exacerbating these problems in Kigali. Cemented areas dominate the landscape, preventing water absorption and increasing runoff. Planting trees is essential—they absorb harmful pollutants and provide cleaner air,” he explained.

With the ongoing urban expansion in Kigali, experts and residents alike stress the importance of incorporating reforestation and green initiatives into the city’s development plans. Planting trees not only combats the effects of climate change but also preserves the city’s natural heritage, ensuring a sustainable and livable environment for future generations.